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Dining table 2. For males, level of tunes analysed is provided as final amount together with listing of music analysed per personal for the brackets. For males, number of nest sites equal the number of men filed, for women, it represents the number of nests from which we seen them. Men sound functions was averaged on individual height before calculating the latest exhibited research. Suggest ± SD | Median is provided on level of pulses for each and every voice, stage, heart rate and dominant regularity
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Contour step 3. Numerous heartbeat audio produced by the latest corkwing wrasse. Wave form (top) and you can relevant spectrogram (below). (a) Grunt regarding a great territorial men corkwing wrasse. (b) Deep grunt away from an excellent territorial male corkwing wrasse. (c) Grunt off a lady corkwing wrasse. Spectrogram settings: 50 dB vibrant variety, Hamming windows (increased sine-squared), 0.008 s screen length (male and 
female grunt), 0.08 s screen length (men strong grunt)
Contour step 3. Several heart circulation sounds created by new corkwing wrasse. Wave form (top) and you will corresponding spectrogram (below). (a) Grunt from a beneficial territorial male corkwing wrasse. (b) Deep grunt off a beneficial territorial men corkwing wrasse. (c) Grunt regarding a female corkwing wrasse. Spectrogram configurations: 50 dB active diversity, Hamming windows (increased sine-squared), 0.008 s window duration (male and female grunt), 0.08 s windows duration (men strong grunt)
Because of the different structure of grunts and deep grunts, we only compared the sound properties statistically, which were the same in both types of grunt, i.e. dominant frequency and duration. The two male grunt types differ significantly from each other in both propertiespared to deep grunts, male grunts are of a shorter duration (t-test: t = 5.44, P < 0.00step 1, CI = ?0.47–1.09). The dominant frequency is higher in male grunts than in male deep grunts (Mann Whitney U test: W = 0, N1 = 17, N2 = 11, P < 0.001). Table 2 presents all measured sound properties for comparison.
Compared to male grunts, female grunts had a significantly lower pulse-rate (t-test: t = -6.71, P < 0.0001, CI = -- -). Grunts of males and females had a similar dominant frequency (t-test: t = 1.38, P = 0.17, CI = -0.05- 0.26), duration (t-test: t = 0.47, P = 0.64, CI = -0.19- 0.26), and number of pulses (Mann Whitney U test: W = 302, N1 = 17, N2 = 35, P = 0.94).
Single-heartbeat tunes
Your selection of demonstrably assignable ticks contributed to the study regarding 102 male presses off 29 video off 19 some body and 66 ladies clicks off 20 films in the nests out-of 14 boys. The selection of obviously assignable plops triggered the analysis of 73 men plops out-of twenty eight movies out-of 18 clips and you may 66 people plops out of 21 movies at the nests from fourteen males. Averaging men tunes for each and every personal male triggered an example sized n = 18 for clicks, and you may n = 17 to have plops.
Clicks are sharp, single-pulse broadband sounds with their main energy in a frequency range of several hundred Hz, while the sound pressure level difference across the harmonics are small (Figure 4(a), Table 3). The dominant frequency of clicks was significantly higher in males than in females (Mann Whitney U test: W = 409, N1 = 35, N2 = 66, P = 0.04). However, there were some female clicks for which the dominant frequency was much higher than in most clicks (up to 7200 Hz). We did not see any technical reason to exclude these outliers from the analysis. Clicks did not differ between males and females in the sound pressure level difference between dominant frequency and its 5 th harmonic (t-test: t48.cuatro = 0.84, P = 0.40, CI = ?2.17–5.31).